Composition and selection of fermentation equipment valves

### Fermentation Equipment Valve Components and Selection

#### **Valves in Fermentation Tanks**

- **Purpose:** Control gas and liquid flow, transfer seed, and manage liquid movement.

- **Requirements:** Sterilizable and easy-to-clean connections to maintain hygiene.

#### **Pipelines in Fermentation Systems**

- **Components:** Water pipes, feed pipes, air pipes, and steam pipes.

- **Material:** Stainless steel for cooling coils and feed pipes connected to fermentation tanks.

- **Pipe Diameter Selection:** Based on flow rates:

- Water pipes: 1–2 m/s.

- Feed pipes: 0.5–1.0 m/s.

- Air pipes: 10–15 m/s.

- Steam pipes: 15–20 m/s.

#### **Valve Selection Criteria**

1. **Purpose:** Match the valve function to the application.

2. **Material:** Ensure heat and pressure resistance.

3. **Connection Method:** Compatible with the system.

4. **Cost-Effectiveness:** Balance cost with performance.

5. **Operation Method:** Consider ease of use and maintenance.

#### **Common Valve Types**

- Gate valves, ball valves, piston valves, needle valves, butterfly valves, globe valves, diaphragm valves, check valves, safety valves, and pressure control valves.

#### **Diaphragm Valves**

- **Advantages:** Airtight, reliable, and prevent stem contact with materials.

- **Material:** Made of neoprene and natural rubber blends, resistant to high temperatures but expensive.

- **Maintenance:** Regular inspection and replacement are necessary.

By selecting appropriate valves and pipelines, fermentation systems can maintain efficiency, sterility, and operational reliability.