Classification of centrifugal pumps

Centrifugal pumps are classified based on various structural and operational features, allowing for a wide range of applications. Here's a breakdown of the classifications:

### 1. **By the Number of Working Impellers**

- **Single-stage pump**: Contains one impeller on the pump shaft, suitable for moderate flow rates and pressure.

- **Multistage pump**: Features two or more impellers on the pump shaft. The total pump head is the sum of the heads generated by each impeller, making it ideal for high-pressure applications.

### 2. **By Operating Pressure**

- **Low-pressure pump**: Operates below 100 meters of water column.

- **Medium-pressure pump**: Operates between 100 and 650 meters of water column.

- **High-pressure pump**: Operates above 650 meters of water column.

### 3. **By Impeller Inlet Method**

- **Single-side inlet pump (single-suction)**: Has one inlet on the impeller, offering a simpler design.

- **Double-side inlet pump (double-suction)**: Features inlets on both sides of the impeller, doubling the flow rate and reducing axial thrust.

### 4. **By Pump Casing Joint Form**

- **Horizontal split case pump**: The casing is split horizontally along the shaft axis, allowing easy maintenance.

- **Vertical joint pump**: The casing is split vertically, perpendicular to the shaft.

### 5. **By Pump Shaft Position**

- **Horizontal pump**: The shaft is positioned horizontally, often used for general industrial applications.

- **Vertical pump**: The shaft is vertical, typically used in confined spaces or for specific operational needs.

### 6. **By Water Direction to Discharge Chamber**

- **Volute pump**: Water exits the impeller and flows directly into a spiral-shaped casing, which converts kinetic energy into pressure.

- **Diffuser pump**: Water passes through guide vanes after leaving the impeller, further converting energy and reducing turbulence.

### Additional Notes

Multistage pumps can have various classifications depending on their other features, such as being horizontal, vertical, or designed for high-pressure applications. Pumps are also named based on their intended use, such as oil pumps, water pumps, or circulating water pumps, reflecting their specific roles in different industries.